Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX USA) Practice

What is the primary characteristic of a sprain?

1. Complete tear of a ligament

2. Stretch or partial tear of a ligament

3. Severe muscle contraction

4. Bone fracture

The correct answer is: Stretch or partial tear of a ligament

A sprain is primarily characterized by a stretch or partial tear of a ligament, which is the fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones at a joint. This condition typically occurs when a joint is forced beyond its normal range of motion, leading to damage to the ligaments. The distinction between a sprain and a complete tear (as suggested in the first option) is significant; a complete tear indicates a more severe injury where the ligament is completely severed and often requires surgical intervention. In contrast, a sprain can be mild to moderate in nature and may not necessitate extensive treatment. The mention of severe muscle contraction relates more to muscle strains, which affect muscles or tendons rather than ligaments. Similarly, a bone fracture involves a break in the bone itself, rather than an issue with the connecting ligaments. Thus, the correct answer highlights the nature of a sprain as a less severe injury compared to complete tears or fractures.