Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX USA) Practice

What type of activity is associated with increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity?

1. Enhanced social interactions

2. Increased cardiovascular response

3. Improved digestive function

4. Heightened relaxation responses

The correct answer is: Increased cardiovascular response

Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity is primarily associated with the body's "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body to respond to stressful situations. This activation leads to physiological changes that enable a quick and efficient response to perceived threats. One of the most significant changes is an increase in the cardiovascular response, which includes elevated heart rate and enhanced blood flow to muscles and vital organs. The SNS releases neurotransmitters like norepinephrine that stimulate the heart and increase cardiac output, ensuring that the body is prepared for rapid action. The other options involve responses that are typically associated with the parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes relaxation, digestion, and recovery. Enhanced social interactions and improved digestive function are linked to a state of rest and calm, while heightened relaxation responses are indicative of a calming influence on the body, contrary to the arousal and activation brought about by SNS stimulation. Therefore, the increase in cardiovascular response is a hallmark of sympathetic activation, making it the correct choice in this context.