Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX USA) Practice

Which type of injuries are commonly associated with spondylolisthesis?

1. Worse with flexion and rotational movements

2. Worse with extension and compressive loads

3. Only occurs after traumatic events

4. Worse with lateral bending and twisting

The correct answer is: Worse with extension and compressive loads

Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which one vertebra slips forward over another, often leading to instability and pain. It can occur due to a variety of reasons, including degenerative changes, congenital factors, or trauma. The type of injuries associated with spondylolisthesis is most commonly characterized by symptoms that worsen with extension and compressive loads. This is due to the mechanics of the spine; when the spine is extended, there is an increase in the load on the facet joints and a greater demand on the spinal structures to resist the anterior shear force that the slippage creates. As a result, activities that involve extension (such as standing up from a seated position or leaning back) and those that apply compressive forces (like heavy lifting) can exacerbate pain and discomfort in individuals with spondylolisthesis. The other choices describe situations that are less typical for patients with spondylolisthesis. For instance, flexion and rotational movements may not necessarily worsen the condition as significantly as extension would. Trauma is not the sole cause of spondylolisthesis, as it can arise insidiously from degeneration. Lastly, while lateral bending and twisting can contribute to discomfort, they are not the